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Optimal working capital management and the role of financial constraints

Working capital management refers to the process of managing a company's short-term assets and liabilities in order to ensure that it has sufficient liquidity to meet its operational needs. This includes managing the company's cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable.

Optimal working capital management involves finding the right balance between having too much working capital, which ties up resources and reduces profitability, and having too little working capital, which can lead to liquidity problems and financial distress.

Financial constraints can have a significant impact on a company's ability to manage its working capital effectively. For example, if a company has limited access to credit, it may have difficulty financing its inventory or accounts receivable, which can affect its ability to meet customer demand or take advantage of supplier discounts. Similarly, if a company has a high level of debt, it may be required to maintain a higher level of working capital to meet its debt service obligations, which can also impact profitability.

To address financial constraints, a company may need to take steps such as improving its creditworthiness, negotiating more favorable terms with suppliers or lenders, or finding alternative sources of financing. It may also need to implement more efficient working capital management practices, such as streamlining its accounts payable process or using just-in-time inventory management techniques, in order to reduce the amount of working capital it needs to hold.

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